Ancient greek culture and facts

Government	Ancient Greeks had many different types of government, such as monarchy, oligarchy, tyranny, and democracy. But first, let’s get something straight. Ancient Greeks didn’t go by “greek”; they followed their city. That’s why they are also called city-states. Monarchy was the first and longest type of government, lasting from 2000-800 BCE. One example of monarchy was Agesilaus of the city-state Sparta. There were NO queens. When monarchy first started, kings were elected by citizens, but later turned into family inheritance. Kings had many different types of power, such as judging, making laws, and acting as a commander during war. Most kings had aristocrats, or advisers, to help him rule. These wealthy men usually came from a wealthy family that owns lots of land. But, having to share power might have proven out to be a bad choice. Many aristocrats overthrew their king and took over the city-state. The next government was oligarchy, where a small group of people rule a country. This government lasted from 800-600 BCE. But, a downside to oligarchy was that the rulers often didn’t care about the poor, they just partied all day long. Consequently, the people got angry and joined other city-states to throw over the bad oligarchs. After that, it was tyranny, or dictatorship. Most tyrants started off inheriting power, then decided to overthrow the old ruler. There are no limits on a tyrant’s power. Some tyrants were actually good rulers, such as Hippias & Hipparchus of Athens. When they ruled together, they were very good rulers and were kind to the people. But after Hipparchus was killed, Hippias became more harsh and cruel. They last and most fair government was democracy, which is a very popular modern government. This is where everyone gets to vote and elect a leader, according to your own choice. Most of the time, the city-state democracy (such as Athens) had an assembly or senate of representatives to make laws. This government had some problems though. Some members of the senate started telling people to do things that were wrong, and so the city-state would sometimes go back to a previous government type, such as monarchy or tyranny. 古希腊人有许多不同类型的政府，如君主制，寡头政治，暴政和民主。但首先，让我们直截了当。古希腊人没有去“希腊”;他们跟着他们的城市。这就是为什么他们也被称为城邦。君主制是第一个也是最长的政府，持续时间是公元前2000年至800年。君主制的一个例子是城邦斯巴达的Agesilaus。没有女王。君主制刚开始时，国王由公民选举产生，但后来变成了家族遗产。国王拥有许多不同类型的权力，例如判断，制定法律，并在战争期间充当指挥官。大多数国王都有贵族或顾问来帮助他统治。这些富有的人通常来自拥有大量土地的富裕家庭。但是，不得不分享权力可能已被证明是一个糟糕的选择。许多贵族推翻了他们的国王并接管了这个城邦。下一届政府是寡头政治，一小群人统治着一个国家。这个政府从公元前800-600年持续。但是，寡头政治的一个缺点是，统治者往往不关心穷人，他们只是整天聚会。因此，人们生气，并加入其他城邦国家，以抛弃坏的寡头。在那之后，这是暴政，或独裁。大多数暴君开始继承权力，然后决定推翻旧统治者。暴君的力量没有限制。有些暴君实际上是好的统治者，比如雅典的希皮亚斯和希帕克斯。当他们统治时，他们是非常好的统治者，对人民很友好。在Hipparchus遇害后，Hippias变得更加残酷和残忍。他们最后，最公平的政府是民主，这是一个非常受欢迎的现代政府。根据您自己的选择，这是每个人投票和选举领导者的地方。大多数时候，城邦民主（如雅典）有一个集会或参议院代表制定法律。这个政府虽然有一些问题。参议院的一些成员开始告诉人们做错事，因此这个城邦有时会回到旧的政府类型，如君主制或暴政。
Social structure	Education Boys and girls were educated very differently in most greek city-states, such as Athens. Before reaching 7 years old, most boys were taught by their mom or a male slave. Afterwards, they started going to school. The learned about reading, writing, and literature in the seven years they are at school. After that process, a typical boy is 14. They also learn to sing and play the lyre as music. For physical education, boys practice gymnastics and wrestling. After reaching 18 years old, boys apply to the army for military training. They learn how to be a good soldier/ commander. Finally, if the boy is rich, he would hire a private teacher to teach him about politics. Most girls never even went to school. They just learn housework with their mother, such as cooking, cleaning, and sowing. After age 15, a typical girl would be ready to marry. In many situations, the father would choose another wealthy family to marry the girl to. Unfairly, only men were considered citizens. Slavery and Women’s rights In Athens, women weren’t allowed to own any/much property or land, or even inherit it. They also weren’t allowed to participate in any political events. However, things were different in Sparta. Women were basically treated the same as men, and were allowed to attend many more things. Most decent families own at least 1-2 slaves to help do heavy work. Most slaves were either born into slavery or were caught during a war. In Sparta, slaves were called hermots. 教育在大多数希腊城邦，如雅典，男孩和女孩的教育方式截然不同。在达到7岁之前，大多数男孩都是由他们的妈妈或男性奴隶教授的。之后，他们开始上学。他们在学校的七年里学习阅读，写作和文学。现在，一个典型的男孩是14岁。他们也学习唱歌和演奏里拉琴乐。对于体育，男孩们练习体操和摔跤。在18岁之后，男孩们去军队接受军事训练。他们学习如何成为一名优秀的士兵/指挥官。最后，如果这个男孩富有，他会聘请一位私人老师教他政治。大多数女孩甚至从未去过学校。他们只是和妈妈一起学习家务，比如做饭，打扫卫生和播种。 15岁以后，一个典型的女孩准备结婚。大多数时候，在一个富裕的家庭中，父亲会选择另一个富裕的家庭来娶这个女孩。不公平地，只有男性才被视为公民。 奴隶制和妇女的权利在雅典，妇女不得拥有任何/多处财产或土地，甚至不得继承。他们也不被允许参加任何政治活动。但是，斯巴达的情况有所不同。女性基本上和男性一样对待，并被允许参加更多的事情。大多数体面的家庭拥有至少1-2名奴隶，以帮助做繁重的工作。大多数奴隶要么出生于奴隶制，要么在战争期间被抓获。在斯巴达，奴隶被称为hermots。
Food, shelter, clothing	Shelter Most ancient greek cities, such as Athens, had many small and uncomfortable mud brick houses with very few windows. In order to have light, they would use oil lamps. However, if you were more wealthy, then you could afford a larger and fancier house with a courtyard in the middle. Most houses were next to very busy and crammed streets. Food In ancient Greece, there were many islands and rolling hills, which made it hard for agriculture. But, they came up with a solution. Instead of raising cattle, who needed wide and flat plains, they farmed goats and sheep, which could very easily still graze on slopes and hills. Most farmers planted olive trees, because they are easy to grow and have lots of uses. Also, many greek city-states had a fishing system, because Greece is surrounded by the mediterranean and aegean sea. But, the population of Greece grew quickly, and so they needed  more food. Now, many places set up trading systems in other countries, such as modern day turkey, France, Spain, and many other European countries. Clothing Most greek men and women wore a simple rectangular sheet of wool or linen. Even so, they could still make many different types of clothing with the cloth. One of the most common types was a tunic. You would fold a large rectangle of cloth around your body, and then pin the places near your shoulders and waist. Another very common option was a chiton. This is when you fold your rectangle of cloth, strapping it over either one or two shoulders. Citizens wearing chitons often had a belted waist. The chiton is very easy for horse riding and other sports/physical work. 庇护大多数古希腊城市，如雅典，有许多小而不舒服的泥砖房，窗户很少，而是油灯。然而，如果你更富有，那么你可以买得起一个更大，更漂亮的房子，中间有一个庭院。大多数房屋都在非常繁忙和挤满街道的旁边。餐饮在古希腊，有许多岛屿和许多山丘，这使得它很难耕种。但是，他们想出了一个解决方案。他们不是养牛，而是需要宽阔平坦的平原，而是养殖山羊和绵羊，它们很容易在山坡和山坡上吃草。大多数农民种植橄榄树，因为它们易于种植并且具有很多用途。此外，许多希腊城邦都有捕鱼系统，因为希腊被地中海和爱琴海所环绕。但是，希腊人口迅速增长，因此他们需要更多的食物。现在，许多地方在其他国家建立了贸易体系，如现代火鸡，法国，西班牙和许多其他欧洲国家。服装大多数希腊男女都穿着一个简单的羊毛或亚麻长方形。即便如此，他们仍然可以用简单的布料制作许多不同类型的衣服。最常见的类型之一是上衣。你会在你的身体周围折叠一块大的长方形布，然后将这些地方钉在你的肩膀和腰部附近。另一个非常常见的选择是chiton。这是当你折叠一块大布，缠在一个或两个肩膀上，并系在腰部。 chiton很容易骑马和其他运动/体力劳动.
Language and Communication	Many english words now come from ancient greek. Greek and Latin are the two most used languages in ancient Europe; because greek was the first alphabet in the world. Many different city-states had their own dialect, especially densely populated cities. People wrote with stone or wood tablets called writing tablets. They also used some signals like torches and often sent pigeon messages. Many greek scholars are also very famous, such as Homer, Hesiod and Aesop. That’s where you get the Aesop’s fables, and Iliad and Odyssey!  许多英语单词现在来自古希腊语。 希腊语和拉丁语是古代欧洲最常用的两种语言; 因为希腊语是世界上第一个字母表。许多不同的城邦都有自己的语言/方言，尤其是主要城市。 人们用石头或木片写作写作片。 他们还使用了火把和发送鸽子信息等信号。 许多希腊学者也非常有名，如荷马，赫西奥德和伊索。 那就是你得到伊索寓言的地方，还有伊利亚特和奥德赛！
Religion and beliefs	Ancient greek mythology is one of the most famous religions in the world. There were 12 main greek gods, or olympians. They were called olympians because of their palace on mount Olympus. The people believed that Zeus was lord of the sky, Poseidon was the lord of the seas, Hades was the king of the underworld, Apollo was god of the sun and archery, Ares god of war, and Dionysus was the god of wine. The goddesses were: Hera, goddess of marriage, Hestia, goddess of the hearth, Artemis, goddess of the hunt, Athena, the goddess of smarts and crafts, and Demeter, goddess of harvest.Greeks built many temples for their gods, such as the famous parthenon. The parthenon is just like most temples in Greece: a large door/gate and pillars near the outside, and a main pavilion inside with a statue of a god; in the parthenon’s case, Athena. 古希腊神话是世界上最着名的宗教之一。 有12个主要的希腊神，或奥林匹克神，因为他们的宫殿位于奥林匹斯山上。 希腊人为他们的神建造了许多寺庙，例如着名的帕台农神庙。 帕台农神庙就像希腊的大多数寺庙一样：靠近外面的大门/门和柱子，里面有一个带有神像的主亭; 在这种情况下，雅典娜。 人们相信宙斯是天上的主，波塞冬是水的领主，哈迪斯是黑社会的国王，阿波罗是太阳和射箭之神，阿瑞斯是战舰之神，狄俄尼索斯是葡萄酒之神。 女神是：Hera，婚姻女神，Hestia，壁炉女神， Artemis，狩猎女神，雅典娜，智慧和工艺女神，以及Demeter，收获女神。
Recreation and arts	Temples and sculptures are perfect ways to understand ancient greek arts. Almost all greek statue figures and temples are known for their balance and precision. Ancient greeks also made very neat and detailed pictures on their pottery. They customarily used (for pottery) red clay with large amounts of iron, since this gives off some of its color. Many pots and plates were given to the gods as offerings. The ceramics were also used as toys and buried with the dead. Many times these sculptures/pots were about ancient greek heroes conquering monsters. 寺庙, 雕塑, 和陶器是了解古希腊艺术的完美方式。 几乎所有的希腊雕像和寺庙都以平衡和精确着称。 古希腊人也在陶器上做了非常整洁和细致的照片。 他们大多使用（用于陶器）含有大量铁的红粘土，因为这会散发出一些颜色。 许多盆栽和盘子被送给众神作为祭品。 它们也被用作玩具并与死者一起埋葬。 很多时候这些雕塑/花盆都是关于征服怪物的古希腊英雄。
economics	Ancient greeks did not use coins/gold to buy goods. They mainly used ‘stock’ native to a unique place, or very common things. Some examples of traded goods include olives, pottery, metalwork, land, and many others. Many other people live by fishing, raiding, and working for the army. They also traded many spices with faraway asian countries, such as cinnamon. 古希腊人没有用硬币/金来买东西。 他们主要使用原产于一个独特地方的商品，或非常常见的东西。 交易商品的一些例子包括橄榄，陶器，金属制品，土地和许多其他商品。 许多其他人靠捕鱼，袭击和为军队工作而生活。 他们还与遥远的亚洲国家交易了许多香料，如肉桂。
warfare	In order to become the empire they did, the greeks must have had a very strong army, which they did. The typical equipment for a foot soldier, or “hoplite”, was a spear, sword, shield, a horse hair plumed helmet, and leg armor called greaves. Hoplites also often had bronze chest plates. During a war, the hoplites, lined up in neat and ordered lines, with shields at the borders to protect the flanks, and spears sticking up through the formation. These spears could also be thrown. In addition, Ancient Greece also had a powerful navy, since a large portion of Greece was a spread out archipelago. So, they often had large battleships called triremes. Triremes were built for close combat, with a large, metal ram at the front and up to 170 oars. Triremes often rammed the enemy ships, battering their sides and scattering the opposing crew. Or, the soldiers could jump onto the other ship and gain control over, just like pirates.

Thanks for reading! -Written by EZ

When you think of phones, or computers, you usually think of Apple, Huawei or Samsung. However, out of these three, two of them have only recently started developing well, and one of them was the first. This was Apple. As the rivalry between phone companies heat up, there is no better time to write about Apple.

Apple was originally founded by engineers Steve Jobs in and Steve Wozniak, in 1976. It was originally a computer company, as back then, smartphones weren’t even thought of. Their first products, were old styled computers, known as the Apple I, Apple II, and Apple III. However, their first large success was with the Macintosh, which was advertised in Super Bowl XVIII. The first thing that looked something like a laptop was made in 1991. The actual macbook was made in 2006.

It wasn’t until 2007 that the first iPhone was released. When it was released, it was a major hit, and it sold 270,000 phones in the first 30 hours. Apple would go on to invent many more things, sending it to more and more economical growth. Apple’s idea of smartphones would inspire companies all around the world to make more and more of them, such as Huawei and Samsung. It would keep developing underneath the watch of the founder Steve Jobs. That is, until Steve Jobs died in 2011.

After Steve Jobs died, Tim Cook became the owner. However, Cook didn’t do anything major for the company and the world, unlike Jobs. Most of the gadgets invented from that point on being upgrades to previous ideas that Jobs had come up with. The one exception being the Apple Watch, which was put on sales in 2014.

Slowly, after Jobs died, companies such as Huawei and Samsung started catching up. Right now, Apple sits in number 3 spot, behind Samsung, which caught up quite a while ago, and Huawei, who only overtook apple recently.

Even though it is no longer the king of phones, it will remain at the top of the list for a long time. Even though Samsung and Huawei earn more money from phones, they still make better computers, iPads, and watches. Also, people will always remember Apple as the creator of smartphones, and the modern day laptop.

What looks like a mix between a turtle, and alligator, and a rock? Hope you guessed it right! It’s the alligator snapping turtle. In this blog, I will teach you some facts about them.

General stats

• Size: 16-31 in. (40-80 cm)
• Max weight: 220 lbs (100 kg)
• Location: southeastern United States
• Lifespan: 20 – 70 years
• red list status: vulnerable

Appearance

As I have already explained, alligators snappers look like a mix between a rock, an alligator and a turtle. They are bumpy, rough, and brown. The tongue looks like a worm, acting as bait.

Why does it look like a rock?The reason alligator snappers look like rocks is because it stays near water so much. When it lies down, algae grows on its shell, making it look like a mossy rock.

Why does it look like a turtle? I… think you can figure that out. It is a turtle!

Why does it look like an alligator?Why does it look like an alligator? It’s skin is rough, the tail has spikes like an alligator, and the shell is lined with points, like an alligator

Feeding

Alligator snapping turtles eat fish, frogs, snakes, snails, worms, small water mammals, water birds, and even other turtles. Basically, this turtle’s not picky. Whatever comes into its territory that it can swallow is its prey. Alligator snapping turtles are ambush predators, waiting at the bottom of a river or pond, opening its mouth and wiggling its pink, worm like tongue. Any small fish or crustacean that is lured into its jaws will be crushed by the sharp beak of the alligator snapping turtle. The snapping turtle’s bite force is up to 176 kilograms of pressure per cm.

Habitat
Alligator snappers live in southeastern US rivers, swamps, and lakes, where prey is normally found. This is unlike their smaller but more aggressive cousin, the common snapping turtle, who has a much larger range, stretching from southern Canada all the way to northern Columbia. However, baby alligator snappers tend to live in smaller creeks.

Thanks for reading! -Written by EZ

A dark, blue, shape cuts through the water, furiously chasing its prey. Then, suddenly… CHOMP!!!  The kill is made. But what could this shadow be? Of course, it’s the Mako shark. In this blog, I will tell you some things you need to know about Mako sharks.

BODY FEATURES: A Mako shark has a cylinder-like body built for speedy swimming. This cylinder-like body is very streamlined, enabling it to slide through the water quickly, making it the fastest shark in the world. A Mako shark is a fairly large species of shark, its body size ranging from 3.2-4 meters. They can weight up to 140 kilograms, which is incredibly light for a shark of its size – tiger sharks, which are about the same size, weigh up to 685 kilograms. This may be because the Mako sharks are built for speed, with no extra muscle or fat needed. This is also the case with cheetahs. Mako sharks have large eyes, allowing them to see well in deep waters when they hunt.

FEEDING AND HUNTING: Mako sharks hunt tuna, mackerel, swordfish, squid, dolphins, and sea turtles near shores in deep waters. When hunting, Mako sharks swim underneath their prey, lunging up vertically when directly under the target. When pursuing prey, Mako sharks can make sharp turns and leap out of the water. One way to find Mako sharks is to find a place with an large abundance of swordfish, because swordfish make up a lot of a Mako’s diet, and because Makos and swordfish need a similar habitat.                     

SPEED AND MIGRATION: Mako sharks are the fastest sharks with a top speed of 45 mph (76 km/h), but they can go as slowly as 0.7mph (1.3 km/h). Mako sharks can maintain their top speed for long distances, which especially helps them hunt. Also, Makos are migratory animals, migrating over 2130 miles each time (3140 km).

thanks for reading! -written by EZ

Introduction

What is the national bird of the U.S.? which bird builds the largest nest? Which bird’s grip is 10 times that of a human? If you guessed the bald eagle, you are 100% correct! But, did you guess that from the title? Or the first question? If so, then you still gotta find out some more. Hopefully, this article will tell you everything you don’t know. here are some things you’ll definitely find out: what do bald eagles eat? What do they look like? How big are their nests? If you wanna find out, read below!

General statistics

Weight (full grown): 4.5-6.3 kg (10-14 lbs)

Wingspan (maximum): 2 meters (7 feet)

Speed (diving): 100 mph (155 km/h)

Speed (flying): 65 mph (___ km/h)-sorry

Range: north america

Size: 70-102 cm

APPEARANCE

Bald eagles are not actually bald like vultures. (That would be creepy. Imagine it.) Instead, they have white feathers on their head and tail, unlike their dark brown plumage, making them seem bald. In total, they have about 7200 feathers per adult. Their talons are about 2½ inches long. They use their talons to grip their prey, but we’ll get to that later. Actually, you know what? I’ll talk about that in the next paragraph!

Fun fact!A bald eagle’s skeleton only weighs o.23 kilograms, and their bones are hollow. This helps them glide without using much effort. 🙂

structure	function
keen eyes	To spot prey from soaring position
Sharp beak/talons	Talons: to grab slippery prey.  Beak: to rip prey
Sturdy wings and feathers	To soar/glide easily
Sharp tongue sides	To hook the meat/skin off of the prey
lungs	To help inhale and exhale air at high altitude
Strong grip	To make sure nothing wiggles out of its claws
Semi-transparent  and up moving eyelids	To wipe dirty things off the eye, but still be able to see
Feather covered ears	To hear; with about the same accuracy as humans

Fun fact!A bald eagle’s feathers, beak, and talons are made out of a hard material called keratin, not bone or whatever.

National bird

The bald eagle was chosen to be the national bird of America in 1782. It was chosen by Charles Thomson. It represents the bravery of the Americans during the revolutionary war. It also symbolizes majesticness and great strength. Now the bald eagle can be seen very often on American badges.

The eyes of the bald eagle

A bald eagle’s large, camera eyes are a very important tool to the eagle. They can help the eagle find prey and nesting sites when at high altitude. Imagine being able to see a rat on a drain from 100 stories up on a building. THAT is how sharp eagle eyes are. A bald eagle’s eyes are many times stronger than ours and its prey. That might be why they are so successful at hunting. The prey might not see danger, even when it is about to become lunch.  

Feeding

PREY

A Bald eagle’s (you know what? Sometimes from now on, I’ll just call them BE’s.) diet consists 90% of fish, but an only fish life would be disgusting. So, they also like to eat hamburgers, rare steaks, shumai, spaghetti, and deep fried eggs. Just kidding! they also eat snakes, rodents, small deer, and even other birds, such as ducks. UGH! Such cannibalism!

HUNTING

To catch fish waterfowl, bald eagles stoop. When they ‘stoop’, they dive feet first towards a fish near the surface, talons outstretched. Then, they stick their legs into the water, closing their talons around the victim. Bald eagles can also swim to catch waterbirds and fish.

Bald eagles do not use their talons for ripping, as I have already said, they use them to grip onto prey, but I don’t understand why they have to, because their grip is already ten times that of a human (I also already said this). They use their BEAK to rip their meals apart. Bald eagles eat a lot. They eat up to 11% of their body weight per day.

HABITAT

Bald eagles like living next to water because there is lots of fish. But, not all of them can find a lake or river to live next to. If they’re not next to water, then they are often in open land for hunting and a place where there is an abundance of prey.

BREEDING

Bald eagles mate for life, which means that they only mate with one other eagle throughout their entire life. But, that doesn’t mean that they only breed once. Then, the female gives birth to 1-3 baby eaglets

B.E. eaglets weigh 3.2 ounces at birth. They have gray and fluffy feathers. These feathers are called ‘down’. Normally, one parent guards the hatchlings, and the other goes hunting. Even so, not all baby eagles survive. Bald eagle nests are normally built on large rocks or tall trees, with a diameter of 8 METERS and a weight of ONE TON! A good view of its surroundings is quite important to a bald eagle.

Bald eaglets start flying at 3 months, and when the bald eagle junior mates, it returns to where it was born to lay eggs.

I hope you learned lots about the appearance, feeding, habitat, and breeding of bald eagles. Oh, right! And the general stats. After reading this article, you can still think about how this amazing animal will evolve in the future to make it more successful.  Anyway, I hope that you can now say that you know a lot about bald eagles. So, yeah. Bye!

WAIT!! One more thing. POP QUIZ!!!!!

What do bald eagles eat?

• a) fish, rodents, other birds, insects, and sometimes crustaceans
• b) cats, fish, rabbits, and snakes
• c) fish, snakes, other birds, rodents, and sometimes small deer

When was the bald eagle selected to be the national bird of america?

• a) 1776
• b) 1782
• c) 1823
• d) 1812

Where do bald eagles live?

• a) near water or in open land
• b) near water or in temperate forests
• c) in the rainforest or on a mountain

The answers are… c,b,a,c,

Glossary

plumage: the color of it’s body feathers

down: long, fluffy feathers that baby birds have a few months after birth

abundance: where something is plentiful

Thanks for reading! -Written by EZ

Worms are not all the same. There are many different types and species! Like I said last time, 6,500 species exist in the worm order. However, there are just three main types of worms. (By the way, most worms are male and female at the same time)

TYPE ONE: Flatworms. As their name suggests, flatworms are flat, and probably the most slimy out of all worms. They are not segmented, and they are all pretty tiny. Flatworms normally suck up tiny creatures even tinier then themselves for dinner. The milky white flatworm is actually transparent!

TYPE TWO: Ribbon worms. Ribbon worms are the longest type of worm. They can reach up to SEVEN METERS LONG, and they mostly live under the sea. They are NOT segmented, and most look like skinny, slender sea snakes. They feed on fish and other aquatic worms with a tube on their mouths.

TYPE THREE: Segmented worms. Oh, now you understand why none of the worms above were segmented? Anyway, the most common worms are segmented worms, such as Earthworms, and some leeches can also be called segmented worms. Most segmented worms burrow underground. Segmented worms provide plants with vital minerals.

Now that you know the types, you can also know the other facts. This is all about earthworms. Birds will love a worm for breakfast for their chicks. However, earthworms have bristles along their body to avoid being snatched by birds. These bristles are also to help the earthworm move.The longest earthworm was found in south Africa, at 6.6 meters long! That’s as long as three average basketball players! Now, onto the worm’s greatest enemy – Moles. Moles will love a delicious worm for breakfast. However, worms don’t want to be eaten! If a mole grabs any part of a worm’s body, that part will break off. But, most of the time, the worm will be caught. Even that, though, doesn’t mean 100% death. If the worm is lucky and the mole is full, the rodent will bite off the worm’s head and put it in the ‘storage room’ to eat later. But, sometimes, the worm grows a new head fast enough and manages to escape.

THANKS FOR READING! -Written by EZ

Yesterday I blogged about bugs and insects. But there are a lot of other types of creepy crawlies that aren’t insects. It’s just that they don’t have three sections to their body and six legs.

#1: Snail/slugs (70,000 species in this group). Snails and slugs don’t belong to the same order – snails are part of the order Achatinoidea, while slugs belong to Stylommatophora. But, for the sake that they’re in the same class, I’m putting them together. Snails and slugs have land and ocean relatives. Those that live underwater are probably even more gross than the ones above land.

#2: Spiders: 35,000 species. Spiders are actually like insects, it’s just that they don’t have six legs and three body segments. They have a head and an abdomen, and are in the class Araneae.

#3: Mites. Those tiny things I have talked about before. 20K species.

#4: Worms. Worms are actually mostly good, but people just judge them by their ugly looks. 6,500 species in the order Haplotaxids.

#5: Millipedes are sort of like worms with up to 300 legs. And shells over their bodies.

#6: Centipedes. Centipedes are creepy, creepy crawlies, related to millipedes. They have up to 30 long, pointy legs that help them walk around under your bed and into your covers. (JK😜) there are 2,800 species of centipede.

#7: Woodlice. They eat practically anything that is wood-related, even paper. They are very annoying, but sadly, there are 2,000 species of woodlice.

Thanks for reading! -Written by EZ

Bugs are very, incredibly annoying. They eat up your food and suck up your blood. But not all bugs are like that, and most insects aren’t bugs. Let me show you what I mean, with the insect order chart.

#1: Beetles – 350,000 species – most species in any order of animals in the WORLD. The order they are in is called Coleoptera.

#2: Butterflies and moths. Although actually quite different, both of these insects belong to the Lepidoptera order. 165,000 members in this order.

#3: Ants, bees, and wasps. Bees and wasps are similar, but you’ll be surprised to hear that ants are also in the Hymenopterans order, 100,000 species large.

#4: Flies. Just those flies that fly around your dog’s poop, and land on your fruit. There are 70,000 species of fly in the diptera order.

#5: Sad to hear, but true. 55,000 species of Hemiptera (true bugs) exist. They are the insects that suck juice out of plants and animals.

#4:

When you think of wars, you often think of civil wars. When you think of Civil Wars, you usually think of the American Civil War. However, the American Civil War is one of many Civil Wars. Today, I am going to tell you about 3 Civil Wars throughout history.

First though, we need to talk about what the difference between a Civil War and a regular War is. A Civil War usually starts when there is a rebellion within a country. If the Rebellion is big, the government will try and put an end to it. However, sometimes, this fails, and a full blown Civil War is unleashed. A regular war is between countries.

Arguably the most famous of all the Civil War, the American Civil War was a war between the the Northern states and Southern States of the United States. This war was caused because of labour and racism. When the United States were formed, it was legal in the states to keep black slaves. However, as time went on, the North got more and more developed. As the development continued, the need for slaves in the North lessened, due to factories and cities. However, in the less developed South, people still required slaves. When Abraham Lincoln and the government attempted to ban slavery, the Southern states rebelled. They formed their own country. But the government didn’t agree. Therefore, the Southern States attacked Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. This lead to the American Civil War. The war went from 1861-1865. During that span, 620,000 American soldiers died, and many battles ensued, such as the first battle of Bull run, battle of Gettysburg, etc. In the end, the North prevailed, and slavery was banned from the U.S. However, racism was not completely gone, as it continued all the way to the modern day.

Second, there is the Korean War. This is relatively well known, but the main reason I am blogging about it is because of the involvement with other countries. South Korea was backed up by the United States, while North Korea was backed up by China and the Soviet Union. This war started when North Korea attacked South Korea because they no longer wanted to be ruled by the government. The war lasted 3 years, 1950-1953. In the end, North Korea prevailed, and became a country. Now, the Southern side of Korea has a much better reputation than the North. Even though the war supposedly ended, there are still tensions between the two countries.

The last Civil War I’m going to write about is the more recent Sudanese War. This is not as well known as the other two, but I am still blogging about it, because it’s one of the many poor countries Civil Wars. Because Sudan was already pretty poor, and was struggling economically, the Civil War nearly wrecked the country. The reason this started was because the South wanted rights to follow their own religion. However, the government insisted on staying on one. This led to the South starting the War. Out of the 3 wars, this is by far the longest, lasting from 1983-2005. In the end, instead of the government giving in, South Sudan became its own country.

These are the three Civil Wars throughout history. Other examples include the Chinese Civil War, Syrian Civil War, etc. If your interested, I encourage you to do research by yourself.

Written by
-Dz

MY THEORY OF EVOLUTION

As our ship sailed on, I discovered many new species and fossils. Once, I even got to ride an elephant! I also experienced an earthquake and volcano eruption! However, I soon fell deeply ill and was restricted to my bed for almost six weeks! Oh, how I wished to be studying animals. After that period of sickness, my health was never the best anymore.

Finally, after enduring five years of sailing around the world, the HMS Beagle finally arrived back at England. I was ready to write down my ideas – but nowhere near ready to publish the thoughts. I married my cousin – Emma Wedgwood. During my time, the Catholic church had control over everything you even thought about! And those things had to be following the bible. For example, the Bible said god created the world in six days with all its life and organisms the way they are today. However, I thought differently. The finches and tortoises showed differently! In my opinion, like Lyell, animals today are just descendants from their ancient relatives that walked the earth millions of years ago. However, as the climate and environment changed, they needed to adapt and change with their surroundings in order to survive. So, animals millions of years ago were probably very different from the ones today. Even the armadillo fossils prove it. I had already started drafting my book: ‘The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favored races in the Struggle for life’. Now that I look back, that title was sort of weird. Luckily, us lazy humans mostly call it just ‘The origin of species’. I finally published after one year of hesitation in 1859. Part of the reason was that an indonesian scientist had also came up with the theory of evolution – and if I didn’t publish now, he would beat me to it. So, we came to a compromise. We would announce our theories on the same day. Except, for some reason, I was given nearly all of the credit. I should have – I’m not complaining!

MY FINAL, PEACEFUL YEARS

My book caused a great uproar in the world. Some people followed my theory – but most people still believed the Bible. Those people were called creationists, and reasonable people who listened to me were called evolutionists. However, I didn’t really care. My family and I moved into a large house 16 miles from London. I had ten children – but sadly, three of them died in their early childhood. After settling down, I started to study again. I learned about barnacles, venus flytraps, and humans! Again, during my time, most people thought that humans were the upper class, above all animals. But I disagreed with that again. I studied apes and eventually linked them up with humans. I decided humans must have evolved from apes! Again, this caused a tsunami in the community. Many people started teasing my theory – they drew pictures of me hanging from a tree with a body of a monkey. But I didn’t care. I knew the truth.

MY DEATH

I died at age 73, April 19, 1883. I suffered a fatal heart attack, having survived many times before. My funeral was in Westminster Abbey, London.